This study examines how trade liberalization has affected India's mango exports and production, with a particular emphasis on the years 1991–2022. Mangoes are an essential part of the horticultural industry and account for around 40% of global production, making them a major contributor to India's agricultural economy. India's mango exports have experienced instability because of shifting demand, competition, and climate-related issues, notwithstanding the benefits of trade reforms that were started in the 1990s and opened up new markets and enhanced export infrastructure. The study uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) model and the Cuddy-Della Valle Instability Index to evaluate production and export potential variations using secondary data from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The findings indicate that while productivity has improved, instability in exports persists, necessitating strategic interventions to stabilize the sector and enhance India's competitive edge in the global mango market.