To define the risk of blue light exposure to human health, there has been rising research interest. The relatively high energy level of blue light has the potential to cause lasting photochemical damage to eye tissue. Excessive blue light exposure commonly causes the development of dry eye illness, glaucoma, and keratitis, resulting in a variety of alterations such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammatory apoptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis, and DNA damage. Descriptive research was conducted to examine literature about the blue light hazards that were accessible on PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Publon, Orcid, Healthstar, Science Open, Cochrane Library, Paperity, and other databases. Peer-reviewed articles/studies were used to determine available screening tests, preventative strategies, and the impacts of blue light. Some writers stated that excessive blue light exposure can cause a variety of eye disorders and consequences. However, the therapeutic care of blue light hazards makes considerable use of physical shielding, chemical and pharmacological preventative measures, gene therapy, and other methods. We investigated research on putative blue light-induced signalling routes and processes in the eye, as well as studies on blue light hazard therapy possibilities.