This research examines the effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on the financial performance of prominent public sector banks (PSBs) in India, specifically focusing on Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank, Indian Bank, and Union Bank of India. Spanning a decade from 2014 to 2024, the study assesses variations in essential financial metrics such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), debt-equity ratio, current ratio, and CASA ratio. The analysis utilizes statistical methods, including mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, to evaluate performance trends before and after mergers. The results indicate that while certain banks, like Indian Bank, showed enhanced profitability and stability following mergers, others, such as Punjab National Bank, faced ongoing volatility. The study highlights that M&As have produced varied results, shaped by challenges in integration, asset quality, and operational efficiencies. This research provides critical insights for policymakers, banking leaders, and investors regarding the strategic implications of consolidation within India's public banking sector.