The article analyzes linguocultural losses and compensation strategies in the Russian translation of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It explores how culturally specific elements, dialects, idioms, and humor are conveyed in translation. The author examines techniques used by translators to preserve the national flavor of the original text, including localization, substitution, transformation, and commentary. Examples from the source and target texts are provided to illustrate key challenges and solutions. The study emphasizes the importance of balancing fidelity and cultural adaptation in literary translation.