Dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that results in an acute drop in platelet count, usually resulting in severe complications. In recent years, Carica papaya leaf extract has been employed as a folk remedy against thrombocytopenia (platelet loss). The present review highlights the phytochemical composition, therapeutic potential, mode of action, clinical data, uses, safety, and future directions of papaya leaf extract as a natural platelet stimulant, particularly in dengue fever.