From early naturalistic observations, zoology—the scientific study of animals—has developed into a vital component of contemporary biological research. It has been essential in revealing the mechanisms underlying ecological interactions, evolutionary processes, and organismal function. Developments in genetics, computer technology, and molecular biology have greatly enhanced the discipline throughout time. In this paper, the historical evolution of zoology is reviewed, significant discoveries are highlighted, and contemporary frontiers including integrative genomics, conservation science, synthetic biology, and bioinformatics are investigated. As the post-genomic age progresses, zoology remains crucial for addressing complex biological and environmental issues.