This article explores the historical-cultural, ethnocultural, and mythological characteristics reflected in Uzbek language cosmonyms—names of celestial bodies, planets, and constellations. These linguistic units serve not only as markers of astronomical objects but also as indicators of the worldview, religious beliefs, and cultural heritage of Turkic peoples. Terms such as Temir qoziq (North Star), Cho‘lpon (Venus), Yetti qaroqchi (Big Dipper), Tishtrya (Sirius), Quyosh (Sun), and Oy (Moon) are analyzed in the context of ancient astronomical knowledge and mythological texts, including the Avesta. The article compares cosmonyms across Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, and other regional languages, revealing their shared roots and cultural significance. The analysis also shows how celestial names influenced folk traditions, rituals, and the classification of weekdays and cardinal directions. By tracing the etymology and symbolic meanings of these names, the study highlights their role in preserving Central Asian cosmological and spiritual heritage.