This study presents a comprehensive survey of floating and free-floating macrophytes in the major aquatic ecosystems of Beed district, Maharashtra. A total of 19 species belonging to 12 families were identified, reflecting notable taxonomic diversity despite the district’s semi-arid climate. Families such as Salviniaceae, Areaceae, Nelumbonaceae, and Pontederiaceae were prominent, with Salvinia molesta and Eichhornia crassipes emerging as dominant invasive species. These macrophytes play vital roles in nutrient cycling, habitat formation, and water quality regulation; however, invasive species pose ecological challenges by disrupting native biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem balance. Conversely, species like Azolla pinnata and Spirodela polyrhiza contribute beneficially to nitrogen fixation and pollutant removal, indicating their potential in sustainable aquatic resource management. The study emphasizes the importance of family-wise classification for understanding species distribution and ecological function within Beed’s wetlands, ponds, and reservoirs. The findings provide essential baseline data to inform conservation strategies, invasive species control, and wetland management in the region. Further research on seasonal dynamics and anthropogenic influences is recommended to optimize macrophyte utilization and preserve freshwater biodiversity, ensuring the long-term health of Beed district’s aquatic ecosystems.