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(
    [id] => 17422
    [paper_index] => 202508-02-023802
    [title] => FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM OF ANTI-VIRAL DRUG RITONAVIR
    [description] => 
    [author] => Mr. Shreyash Ashok Kadam, Dr. Nikunj Solanki
    [googlescholar] => 
    [doi] => 
    [year] => 2025
    [month] => August
    [volume] => 10
    [issue] => 8
    [file] => fm/jpanel/upload/2025/August/202508-02-023802.pdf
    [abstract] => Ritonavir – General Introduction
Ritonavir, a peptidomimetic HIV-1 protease inhibitor, was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 as a part of antiretroviral therapy1. Initially developed for its antiviral action, Ritonavir is now more commonly used as a 

Pharmacokinetic Enhancer or “booster” for other protease inhibitors due to its potent inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes. By blocking the metabolism of co-administered drugs, Ritonavir enhances their plasma concentration, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes2.

Chemically, Ritonavir is designated as 10-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-[2-(1-methylethyl)thiazol-4-yl]-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-2,4,7,12-tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid 5-thiazolylmethyl ester. Its molecular formula is C37H48N6O5S2 with a molecular weight of 720.95 g/mol3. Ritonavir is a lipophilic compound with extremely low water solubility, a characteristic that significantly hinders its oral absorption.

In clinical practice, Ritonavir is rarely used as a single protease inhibitor due to side effects and high pill burden. Instead, it is widely employed in low doses (100–200 mg) to boost the bioavailability of other protease inhibitors such as lopinavir, atazanavir, and darunavir4.

    [keywords] => 
    [doj] => 2025-08-27
    [hit] => 
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    [award_status] => P
    [orderr] => 30
    [journal_id] => 2
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    [edit_on] => 
    [is_status] => 1
    [journalname] => EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD)
    [short_code] => IJSR
    [eissn] =>  2455-7838 (Online)
    [pissn] => - -
    [home_page_wrapper] => images/products_image/2-n.png
)
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