This article explores the linguistic and cultural challenges involved in translating infectious disease terms from English into Uzbek. The study explores English examples into Uzbek translations of widely known infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis and COVID-19. Using a comparative linguistic analysis, the paper identifies common translation strategies, including borrowing, descriptive translation and adaptation. Furthermore, it examines how cultural perceptions, local beliefs, and historical context influence the interpretation and acceptance of certain medical terms among Uzbek local people. The findings highlight the need for specialized medical translation training and context-sensitive approaches to ensure that health messages are not only linguistically precise but also culturally resonant.