This article explores the use of onomastic units in Erkin Samandar’s historical novel Sulton Jaloliddin. Onomastic units, particularly anthroponyms, serve not only as identifiers of characters but also convey cultural, historical, and stylistic meanings. The study examines the linguistic, semantic, and cultural significance of personal names in the novel, including Jaloliddin, Alouddin Khorezmshah, Turkon Khatun, Khonsulton Begim, Boyimkhon, Abdul Mahak, and Qambarniso. It demonstrates how these anthroponyms reflect the social hierarchy, moral values, and philosophical ideas of the medieval Eastern world, as well as Uzbek national identity and heroic ideals. By analyzing the etymology, historical context, and connotative meanings of these names, the article highlights their role in shaping character depiction and narrative structure, illustrating the deep interconnection between language, literature, and culture.