This article examines the socio-philosophical foundations and key factors influencing the formation of moral and legal culture among future law enforcement officers. It emphasizes the importance of not only possessing legal knowledge and professional skills but also developing high standards of morality, responsibility, and justice. The study highlights the role of education, training, social environment, and institutional mechanisms in shaping officers’ cultural and ethical competencies. It also identifies the main challenges in moral and legal development, such as insufficient training, weak internal control, conflicts of interest, and limited public participation. Based on philosophical perspectives, the research underscores the need for a balance between freedom and responsibility, justice and humanity, as well as personal integrity and loyalty. Recommendations are provided to strengthen professional training, enhance internal and public oversight, and improve officers’ moral responsibility and ethical awareness.