Mythological units, as carriers of collective memory and cultural identity, play a crucial role in shaping the linguistic worldview of every nation. This paper aims to examine the classification of mythological units in the Uzbek and English languages from a comparative linguistic and cultural perspective. The study focuses on identifying universal mythological archetypes, culture-specific symbols, and linguistic representations of mythic consciousness embedded in each language. Drawing on structural-semantic and cultural-linguistic methodologies, the paper analyzes the nature, origin, and functions of mythological elements — including deities, supernatural beings, folk heroes, and cosmological symbols — as reflected in linguistic expressions, folklore, and idiomatic structures. The research reveals both convergent and divergent aspects of mythological categorization: while universal archetypes such as the hero, serpent, and sun appear in both traditions, Uzbek mythology preserves more animistic and nature-centered elements, whereas English mythology is heavily influenced by classical, Christian, and Celtic sources. This comparative framework not only deepens understanding of linguistic mythopoetics but also contributes to the broader study of how myth functions as a semiotic and cognitive system in shaping national identity and worldview.