Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the science and collection of practices devoted to identifying, evaluating, comprehending, and averting side effects or any other issues relating to drugs. To safeguard patients, direct regulatory decisions, and uphold public confidence, strong pharmacovigilance systems are necessary at every stage of a drug's life cycle, from pre-market trials to extensive clinical use. In order to ensure drug safety, this review summarizes the pharmacovigilance concepts, techniques, difficulties, and future directions