Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana as flagship crop insurance programme in India, playing vital role in agriculture risk management, ensuring income to farmers in the context of losses due to natural calamities and ensuring food security for country. Now, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana completing decade in the field, still current crop programme is facing challenges and problems and needs more reforms. In this context we need study the performance of this programme. Still now, Indian agriculture is considered as backbone of Indian Economy. 48% of rural Population depended upon agriculture for their livelihood. Indian agriculture contributes 14% to GDP and 18% to total Indian Export. Agriculture is very important for resilience of rural economy and women empowerment. But Indian agriculture is facing serious financial and institutional problems which creating agricultural crisis in India. Agricultural product losses, caused by sever natural calamities are one of the problems. Indian agriculture is largely depended upon nature. Indian agriculture is considered as gambling with monsoon. India has experienced significant crop losses due to natural disasters, with estimates showing that over 33 million hectares of cropped land were affected by floods and excess rains in a six-year period (2015-2021), Almost two million hectares of cropped land area were affected in financial year 2023, while another 35 million hectares were impacted by drought during the same timeframe, representing a substantial portion of the country's total crop area. Almost all States are frequently hit by flood-related crop losses. Because of this, marginal and small farmers comfort income instability and pose problems to continuing agriculture. This trend, put grave challenge for present and future food security of country. Crop insurance is the strategic tool for mitigate natural calamities risks in farm sector. Crop insurance ensures financial compensation for product losses caused by nature. Countries across the globe adopted crop insurance as instrument to safeguard agriculture and farmers’ welfare. After independence, Indian government is adopting and modifying various crop insurance programmes. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana is one of the comprehensive crop insurances, implemented all over India.