Electoral participation of marginalized communities in local governance is a critical indicator of inclusive democracy. Despite constitutional provisions, social hierarchies, caste structures, economic dependency, and gender inequalities continue to influence political engagement in rural and urban local bodies. This study examines the sociological determinants that shape voting behaviour among marginalized communities in Telangana State. Using a qualitative-dominant research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observation of election campaigns, complemented by secondary sources such as electoral rolls and previous election results. The study highlights how caste networks, social capital, community influence, and informal power structures mediate political decision-making. It also explores the role of education, gender, and economic conditions in enabling or constraining electoral participation. Findings indicate that while institutional mechanisms like reservation of seats provide opportunities, structural inequalities and elite capture often limit genuine political representation. By analyzing voter behaviour through a sociological lens, the study contributes to understanding how social determinants interact with political structures to affect democratic outcomes at the grassroots level. The research offers policy insights to strengthen inclusivity, awareness, and equitable participation in local governance.