The potent skin-lightening agent phenyl-ethyl resorcinol (PER) is frequently utilized in dermatological and cosmetic formulations because it inhibits tyrosinase and lower the formulation of melanin. The physical and chemical characterization of the molecule, such as it’s molecular structure solubility and stability have a significant impact on the formulations creation and topical distribution. The results of differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR), high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) have all shown the following.The stability profile of PER and it’s compatibility with a number of excipients .The he limitations of traditional topical therapies, such as creams and gels, have led to the development of complex delivery methods. Photostability has improved significantly studies nanocarriers such as liposomes, nanoliposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, invasomes and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), to demonstrate enhanced skin penetration for PER delivery and controlled release.In vitro research has demonstrated that the qualities of the product improve stability and bioavailability when compared to conventional formulations. In vivo studies have shown how effectively since these vesicular systems boost PER while having low cytotoxicity. And enhancing penetration across the stratum, they are ideal for cosmetic applications . Relative studies of various solvents and formulations have also aided in optimizing PER-loaded delivery systems, ensuring optimal efficacy and stability. Highlighting the need of combining advanced nanocarrier systems as a review thoroughly covers the topical delivery methods, formulating approaches and characterization techniques of PER. Strategies to solve problems overcome conventional delivery limitations and achieve superior and outstanding skin-lightening.