Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological complications. Its diverse presentation makes diagnosis and management challenging, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms and outcomes. This review begins with an overview of the symptoms and normal menstrual cycle and contrasts it with the hormonal disturbances that characterize PCOS, including anovulation and altered ovarian morphology. Clinical features such as irregular cycles, hirsutism, infertility, and the presence of polycystic ovaries are discussed, along with metabolic abnormalities, particularly insulin resistance, which is recognized as a central factor linking reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Management strategies are explored across lifestyle, nutritional, and pharmacological domains. Dietary modification, supplements such as inositol and vitamin D, and herbal agents like cinnamon are reviewed for their potential benefits, while conventional therapies including oral contraceptives and metformin remain widely used. Overall, PCOS requires individualized, multidisciplinary care that integrates lifestyle, medical, and supportive approaches.