stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 18397
    [paper_index] => 202512-02-025312
    [title] => ASSESSING CORE COMPETENCIES OF PRIVATE SECURITY OFFICERS: A BASIS FOR ENHANCED TRAINING PROGRAMS
    [description] => 
    [author] => Lilian Genobela Gepulle
    [googlescholar] => 
    [doi] => 
    [year] => 2025
    [month] => December
    [volume] => 10
    [issue] => 12
    [file] => fm/jpanel/upload/2025/December/202512-02-025312.pdf
    [abstract] => This study assessed the competence of security officers in five key areas: Legal Aspect of Security, Security Management and Planning, Leadership and Supervision, Crisis Management (including crime response and prevention), and Marksmanship. Three respondent groups; Security Officers, Security Managers, and Clients evaluated officer competence using a validated survey questionnaire. The Kruskal-Wallis H test with post-hoc analysis examined how education, training type, and experience influenced competence ratings. Across most areas, officers were generally rated “Very Competent” by all groups. A notable exception was the Legal Aspect of Security, where significant differences emerged. Officers with college or post-graduate education, as well as those who completed higher-level training (supervisory or managerial), earned higher legal competence ratings. Additionally, Security Managers and Clients rated officers’ legal skills more favorably than the officers’ self-assessments. Findings align with prior research demonstrating the positive impact of education and advanced training on legal proficiency in private security. 
The results highlight that while security officers excel in tactical and operational skills, legal proficiency remains an area for targeted improvement. The study recommends sustained, standardized legal training particularly for officers with lower educational attainment to strengthen compliance, accountability, and professionalism. Standardized modules should cover relevant laws, human rights, and procedural documentation to ensure consistent application across the industry.

    [keywords] => Security officers, Competence, Legal aspect, Training, Education, Kruskal-Wallis, Private security
    [doj] => 2025-12-15
    [hit] => 
    [status] => 
    [award_status] => P
    [orderr] => 23
    [journal_id] => 2
    [googlesearch_link] => 
    [edit_on] => 
    [is_status] => 1
    [journalname] => EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD)
    [short_code] => IJSR
    [eissn] =>  2455-7838 (Online)
    [pissn] => - -
    [home_page_wrapper] => images/products_image/2-n.png
)
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