Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the three primary receptors—estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). The absence of these hormonal receptors in breast cancer cells is associated with aggressive behavior and a higher tendency for metastasis, which often leads to resistance to chemotherapy. Although several treatments and therapies are available to control the spread of BC and TNBC, they can also cause side effects that damage healthy cells and tissues.Nanotechnology focuses on the physical and biochemical characteristics of nanoparticles used in drug applications. The goal of targeted nanoparticle drug delivery is to minimize the side effects of anticancer drugs while reducing both dosage requirements and treatment costs, which are major limitations of traditional cancer therapies.The present review highlights various types of nanoparticles and their applications in breast cancer treatment.