The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, provide a comprehensive global framework for achieving inclusive, equitable, and environmentally sustainable development. In India, the realization of these goals largely depends on state-level public policies and their effective implementation. Karnataka, one of India’s economically progressive states, has introduced several policy initiatives aligned with the SDGs. This paper examines the effectiveness of public policy in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Karnataka, with specific reference to economic, social, and environmental dimensions of development. Relying on secondary data from government reports, policy documents, and development indicators, the study assesses progress across selected SDGs and identifies key challenges and policy gaps. The findings reveal that while Karnataka has made notable progress in poverty reduction, education, and economic growth, significant challenges persist in agricultural sustainability, regional disparities, and environmental management.