The growing environmental and health risks associated with synthetic pesticides have created an urgent need for sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives. Ethnobotanical knowledge provides valuable insights into plant-based pest control strategies that have been developed through generations of empirical observation. This study documents ethnobotanically significant plant species used for insecticidal and pesticidal purposes in North Maharashtra, India. Field surveys conducted between 2022 and 2024 across the Jalgaon, Dhule and Nandurbar districts recorded 80 plant species belonging to 40 families. The dominant families were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part, followed by seeds, bark and roots. These plants serve as repellents, fumigants, larvicides and grain protectants. The findings demonstrate that traditional plant-based pest control practices represent an important resource for developing biodegradable and environmentally safe pesticides. Scientific validation, phytochemical characterization and formulation development are essential for integrating these plants into modern pest management systems.