Drought is widely recognized as a major environmental constraint limiting agricultural productivity in arid regions such as Rajasthan. In addition to its direct influence on plant growth, drought conditions significantly alter plant-pathogen interactions, particularly those involving fungal diseases. The present study examines how water deficit conditions influence plant physiology and increase vulnerability to fungal pathogens, with special emphasis on Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. Under drought stress, plants exhibit reduced photosynthetic efficiency, impaired metabolic processes, and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular structures. Simultaneously, drought-induced hormonal changes especially elevated abscisic acid (ABA) interfere with defense signaling pathways, thereby weakening plant immunity. In addition, drought disrupts the balance of rhizosphere microbial communities, reducing beneficial microorganisms while favoring pathogenic fungi. Sustainable approaches such as biological control using Trichoderma and Bacillus, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and soil amendments like biochar have shown promising results in enhancing plant resilience and suppressing disease development. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating eco-friendly and climate-resilient management strategies is essential for sustaining agricultural productivity in drought-prone environments.