Low birth weight (LBW) remains a primary driver of neonatal morbidity, affecting approximately 15–20% of global births. While nutritional interventions are standard for addressing linear growth faltering (stunting), there is increasing evidence that biological vulnerability in the LBW brain can be mitigated through environmental enrichment. This review synthesizes recent evidence regarding the interaction between early child stimulation (ECS) and linear growth in determining neurodevelopmental outcomes for LBW infants during the first 1000 days of life. A systematic analysis was conducted on longitudinal cohorts and randomized controlled trials focusing on infants. Primary outcomes included cognitive, motor, and language scores measured via standardized scales, alongside Length-for-Age Z-scores (LAZ). The review identifies a significant "interaction effect" where high-quality ECS characterized by responsive caregiving and play acts as a compensatory mechanism. Notably, the positive impact of stimulation on neurodevelopment is twice as potent in stunted LBW infants compared to their non-stunted peers. Mechanistically, ECS triggers the upregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which facilitates synaptogenesis and buffers the hyper-reactive HPA axis typical of LBW neonates. However, maternal mental health and environmental neuro-toxins persist as significant confounding variables that can undermine these gains. To optimize human capital, clinical protocols must shift from a "nutrition-only" approach to an Integrated Nurturing Care Framework. For the LBW infant, environmental stimulation is not merely a social enhancement but a biological requirement to prevent physical growth deficits from translating into permanent cognitive impairment.