The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week resistance band training program on selected physical fitness and performance variables among male handball players. A total of 30 players aged between 18 and 24 years were randomly selected from Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Maruthi College of Physical Education and Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Maruthi College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The participants were divided into two equal groups of fifteen each: an experimental group and a control group. No attempt was made to equate the groups. The independent variable of the study was an eight-week resistance band training program. The experimental group underwent sports-specific drills combined with resistance band exercises three days per week on alternate days, while the control group continued their regular routine without any additional training. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time; however, no withdrawals occurred during the study.The dependent variables included physical fitness and performance measures, specifically shoulder muscular strength and shooting ability. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the significance of differences between pre-test and post-test scores.The results revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvement in shoulder muscular strength and shooting ability when compared to the control group at the 0.05 level of significance. It was concluded that resistance band–based sports-specific drills training is an effective method for enhancing physical fitness and performance variables among male handball players.