Urbanisation has increased dramatically in the last few decades and has changed how urban economies, societies and the built environment function all over the world. Over a third of the population lives in urban areas today, and the UN estimates this percentage will grow dramatically in the coming years (United Nations, 2019). The rapid growth of cities has led to a higher demand for common urban infrastructures such as transportation systems, power supply networks and utility services for public safety and other necessary public services. Within this collection of urban infrastructures, street lights represent one example of a high-demand urban infrastructure because street lighting consumes significant amounts of electricity. Street Lighting Provides Fundamental Life Requirements and Safety Street lights improve visibility at night, therefore reducing the number of automobile accidents. They enhance the mobility of pedestrians and increase both the perceived and actual safety of a community's street environment. Although street lighting serves as a tool to promote public safety by reducing automobile crashes, studies have shown that adequate street-lit environments reduce fear of crime (Painter and Farrington, 1999), partly by promoting situational awareness and deterring potentially criminal behaviour. Street lighting systems in cities today still use legacy operation systems that do not adequately adapt to current demands and/or conditions. Street lighting has historically been governed by fixed operating schedules and uniform lighting levels, with no regard for pedestrian traffic volume or the environmental conditions surrounding them. As a result, the current streetlights continue to consume energy in times of low activity such as later on in the evening or in areas with a sparse population. The need for cities to be more sustainable, energy-efficient, and to operate in a more intelligent manner has brought to light the limitations of traditional streetlight systems (Garg & Kumar, 2020), thus creating a need for a re-imagining of streetlights as intelligent adaptive and multifunctional urban systems.