Rubber-based dental impression materials are widely used in prosthodontics due to their superior accuracy and dimensional stability; however, their susceptibility to microbial colonization poses both infection-control and material integrity concernsInitial bacterial adhesion is governed by physicochemical factors such as surface hydrophobicity, surface free energy, roughness, and salivary pellicle formation. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrates rapid adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces mediated by protein adhesins, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits strong persistence through biofilm formation on hydrophilic substrates. Beyond adhesion, both organisms contribute to material deterioration via the release of extracellular enzymes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular, produces elastase and other proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading polymeric chains, leading to alterations in surface integrity, elasticity, and dimensional stability. In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus exhibits comparatively moderate degradative potential through proteases and lipases. Conventional disinfection methods reduce planktonic bacterial load but are less effective against enzyme-producing biofilm communities. Emerging approaches, including antimicrobial and enzyme-resistant elastomers, offer promising strategies to mitigate both microbial contamination and biodegradation