Socio-economic status (SES) is widely acknowledged as a significant determinant of students’ academic achievement. The present study investigates the socio-economic status of higher secondary school students of Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) and examines its impact on their academic achievement. A normative survey method was adopted. The sample consisted of 1,062 higher secondary school students selected from various schools of BTR. The Socio-Economic Status Scale developed by Dr. S.K. Upadhyay was used to assess SES, while students’ academic achievement was measured through their obtained marks in the High School Leaving Certificate (HSLC) examination. Descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed using SPSS version 25 for data analysis. The study reported that more than half of the total sample were found to have below average socio-economic status and academic achievement. It also found that SES has a significant impact on AA of the higher secondary school students of BTR. The study provides empirical insights into SES and AA and their relationship in the regional context of BTR and contributes to educational planning and policy formulation.