A retrospective study of 73 medical records of children aged 1 month to 12 years was conducted, aimed at consultation to the dentist at the base of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Andijan State Medical Institute. The average age was 7.8±3.7 years. All patients were divided into groups depending on their age: Group I-1-11 months, group II-1-3 years, Group III – 4-7 years, group IV-8-12 years. Diagnoses were analyzed, as well as the results of bacteriological and virologicalstudies. Destablished, which is the least children under the age of one year (11 children, or 15.1% of cases) were treated with diseases of the oral mucosa. The most common diseases of the oral mucosa were observed in children aged 1 to 3 years (32 children, or 43.8% of cases). The analysis of the structure of diseases of the SOPR revealed the predominance of herpetic stomatitis in all age periods (with the exception of children under 1 year, in whom the stomatitis of candida etiology prevailed) (in group II – 62.5±8.6%; in group III-35.3±11.6%, in group IV-46.2±13.8%). Traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa were least frequently observed at the age of 8-12 years (7.7±7.4%). In different age periods, the structure diseases of the SOPR have their own characteristics, and therefore preventive measures to prevent these diseases in children should be aimed at the most characteristic pathology for the corresponding contingent.