The majority of cancer treatments used today focus on surgically removing the tumour mass. The rapid proliferation of malignant cells is significantly slowed down by physical and chemical therapies like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, these treatments have a high level of toxicity and severe side effects, which decrease patient compliance. To improve treatment indices, new approaches to conventional cancer therapeutics, including cancer stem cell therapy, triggered release, intracellular drug targeting, gene delivery, magnetic drug targeting, ultrasound mediated drug delivery and photodynamic therapy have added new techniques for treating cancer. These methods have aided in the selective detection of cancerous cells, enabling their eradication with the fewest possible negative effects. This review discusses cutting-edge methods for administering chemotherapy more effectively in an effort to improve cancer prognosis.