In this article, the state of agriculture in the Fergana economic region in the 50s-80s of the 20th century and the consequences of the agrarian policy conducted by the Soviet government in it are revealed based on the analysis of periodical sources and literature and research works on the subject. Also, after the Second World War, the policy of the Soviet government to develop cotton farming in the Ferghana economic region, to have more cotton harvest, to meet the cotton needs of the light industries in the center, to develop new land in the country and to specialize in cotton production. and implications are covered.