The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has transformed many aspects of modern society, while heightening concerns about existential threats and unforeseen consequences. Researchers have systematically evaluated AI failures and hypothetical catastrophic predictions throughout this study, emphasizing superintelligence control problems combined with autonomous weapons, economic destruction of society, cyber warfare threats, and artificial intelligence-driven biotechnology dangers that affect the climate. This research investigates ethical, legal, and security concerns concerning AI autonomy through analyses of AI governance frameworks, empirical case studies, and policy reports. The research reveals that unrestricted AI deployment presents the risk of destructive situations, encompassing the combined effects of economic turmoil, personnel job loss, military operation supervision removal, elevated cyber hazards, environmental disturbances, and synthetic biology complications. The resolution of these challenges depends on strengthened lawmaking and ethical governance of AI and international partnerships. The research confirms the immediate need to protect against AI dangers before full AI potential can be attained for human development.