This study examines the influence of capital structure configuration and integrated risk management practices on minimizing the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in joint-stock companies. The research is grounded in contemporary corporate finance theory and emphasizes the strategic interaction between debt-equity optimization and systematic risk mitigation in enhancing firm-level financial efficiency. Using a panel dataset of joint-stock companies operating in emerging and transitional economies, the study applies econometric modeling techniques, including fixed-effects regression and dynamic panel estimation, to assess the causal relationship between leverage ratios, risk exposure indicators, and variations in WACC. The findings reveal that an optimal balance between long-term debt and equity financing significantly reduces capital costs when supported by proactive risk management mechanisms such as credit risk monitoring, liquidity buffers, and market risk hedging.