The present study examines the socio-economic and infrastructural conditions of Muslim households in five selected villages—Sarberya, Jaga Mohanpur, Lal Chandrabar, Dhusia, and Babuia—located under Bhagwanpur-I and Chandipur Community Development Blocks of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal. The study is based on primary data collected from 50 purposively selected households, covering a total of 267 household members during June–August 2025. Data were gathered using a self-designed household survey schedule and observation techniques. The findings reveal substantial progress in basic amenities, including universal access to electricity, sanitation facilities, and school enrolment among children. A significant proportion of households reside in pucca houses and have access to relatively adequate living space. However, challenges remain in areas such as dependence on public taps for drinking water, continued use of traditional biomass fuels alongside LPG, and the predominance of open dumping as a waste disposal method. The study highlights a transitional phase of rural development characterized by infrastructural achievements alongside persisting environmental and sustainability concerns. It underscores the need for targeted policy interventions and community-based development strategies to ensure inclusive and sustainable improvement in the quality of life of the Muslim population in the study area.