This study examines the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the Russian Federation using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model and New Keynesian framework. The research assesses the impact of key transmission channels, including the interest rate, exchange rate, and credit channels, on macroeconomic stability and inflation dynamics. A Bayesian estimation approach is applied to Russian macroeconomic data to calibrate the DSGE model, allowing for an empirical evaluation of monetary shocks. The findings reveal significant heterogeneity in the effectiveness of monetary transmission across different economic sectors and regions, with the exchange rate channel playing a dominant role due to Russia’s trade structure and external vulnerabilities. Additionally, the study compares traditional monetary policy models with alternative specifications, highlighting the role of inflation expectations and price rigidities. The results contribute to the ongoing debate on optimal monetary policy strategies in emerging market economies.