The aviation industry in India has emerged as a rapidly growing and strategically significant sector, contributing substantially to economic development, connectivity, and tourism. In this highly competitive, safety-critical, and service-oriented environment, effective human resource (HR) practices play a pivotal role in ensuring operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and employee engagement. The present study aims to examine the prevailing HR practices in the Indian aviation industry, with a focus on key dimensions such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and benefits, communication, work–life balance, and health and safety measures. The study adopts a descriptive and exploratory research design and employs stratified random sampling to ensure representation of operational staff, cabin crew, ground staff, and managerial employees from selected airlines. Primary data were collected from 380 respondents using a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were sourced from journals, books, government publications, and industry reports to strengthen the theoretical foundation. The findings indicate that employees generally perceive HR policies as transparent and systematic, with recruitment and performance appraisal practices viewed as largely fair and merit-based. Training initiatives, communication mechanisms, and health and safety measures are positively evaluated, though scope for improvement remains in consistency, remuneration alignment, and work–life balance.