The article presents measures to control diseases and pests, which are considered to be the main problems in the cultivation of melon crops in the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The effectiveness of the use of a combined control system of pest and disease control measures has been determined. Autumn and spring agrotechnical measures in the destruction of pupas that have gone to the wintering, timely and moderate use of chemical preparations to control mature breeds and diseases, achieve high biological efficiency.