The emergence and formation of the language of any nation is directly related to the history of its origin. The study of the language, including Uzbek, is unthinkable without the joint efforts of historians, ethnographers, linguists, archaeologists and other representatives of related sciences. The article discusses aspects of the formation of the Uzbek language at different stages of its historical development, in particular the formation of the people themselves, revealed specific features of the structure and lexical composition.