On the basis of scientific and historical literature and archival sources, the author of the article shows a historical picture of the transformational processes carried out by the Soviet government in land and water relations in the Turkestan region using the example of the Ferghana Valley. And also the article analyzes in detail the process of formation of the class agrarian policy of the Soviet government, the nationalization of large landed property and the expropriation of finished agricultural products by a wearable way in favor of the state, the goals and main functions of the formation of peasant organizations such as the Committee of the Poor, Peasant Associations, Union Koshchi.