The thyroid gland is one of the organs of the neuroendocrine system, which has a significant influence on a variety of physiological and cellular functions, including growth, development and metabolism in general. Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders in clinical practice, which determines their general pathological significance. It is known that all forms of thyroid diseases occur in women 4–5 times more often than in men. Recent years have been marked by an increase in the prevalence of both thyroid pathology and associated pathology of the reproductive system.