One of the most common childhood diseases that affects the quality of life of patients and their families, which in severe cases leads to disability, is bronchial asthma (BA). The results of recent studies show that the majority of children with bronchial asthma have a history of perinatal damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which increases the risk of developing bronchial asthma in children of preschool age by 3.4 times. Particular attention of researchers is drawn to the study of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of biochemical markers of neuronal damage in fetuses and newborns, in particular, neuron-specific enolases. In this regard, it is of interest to study the level of neuron-specific enolase in children with asthma who suffered perinatal damage to the central nervous system.