Disease surveillance is critical for recognizing and anticipating infectious disease epidemics. It collects health-related data from a community in order to detect and monitor disease epidemics in their early stages. Disease monitoring necessitates a large network of sentinel sites to follow infections throughout the community. The study focuses on communicable illness surveillance in the Kailahun district. It looks into the surveillance reporting system for communicable diseases, the flow of surveillance information, the various components of individuals involved in surveillance activities, the challenges faced by the surveillance system in the Kailahun district, and the involvement of community members in surveillance activities, as well as ways to improve communicable disease surveillance in the Kailahun district. This study employs a quantitative cross-sectional design for research. It consequently employs the cross-sectional study design. I picked a cross-sectional design for this study based on the data needed to address the research questions. As a result, I structured the study questions so that qualitative data would be collected to provide descriptive information, while quantitative data would be analyzed in tables and charts. Infectious disease surveillance is widely acknowledged as the foundation of public health policy and practice. Surveillance statistics are critical for monitoring the populations health state, diagnosing diseases, and taking action to avoid future illness and contain public health problems. The need to strengthen disease surveillance and response systems is now widely recognized around the world.