Heavy metal pollution is a pressing global concern due to its detrimental effects on human health and the environment. This paper delves into the sources and consequences of heavy metal contamination, emphasizing the urgency for effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation emerges as a promising solution, leveraging plants natural abilities to remove pollutants. Various phytoremediation techniques, including phytoextraction, phytofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization, are explored alongside biotechnological approaches and plant selection criteria. The paper concludes by underscoring the utility of phytoremediation in improving soil quality and reducing heavy metal levels, while advocating for further research to optimize this process.