This literature review explores the critical role of reading comprehension in enhancing mathematics and science learning outcomes. Proficiency in reading comprehension is foundational for understanding complex concepts and technical texts, crucial in interdisciplinary education. Theoretical frameworks and empirical evidences, highlight the influence of factors like family income and parental education on reading comprehension. Educational strategies integrating diverse learning styles and collaborative approaches aim to support individual student needs. Methodologically, a systematic literature review identified key theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, synthesizing recurring themes and gaps in current research. Results underscored the effectiveness of scaffolding, motivation strategies, and explicit instruction in enhancing comprehension. Strategies such as vocabulary scaffolds and multimodal presentations cater to diverse learning preferences, supported by Thorndike’s Laws of Exercise and Effect and Vygotsky’s social constructivism. Collaborative Strategic Reading and parental involvement further enrich comprehension development. This review concludes with recommendations for educators to adopt research-based interventions that foster inclusive learning environments and enhance students’ reading comprehension abilities.