This study examines the impact of climate change on the semiarid region of Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, which borders the northern Arabian deserts. The region faces significant risks of desertification due to the expansion of arid zones, affecting precipitation, evaporation, water resources, and vegetation. The loss of biodiversity is already a critical issue, exacerbated by drought conditions. Agricultural productivity is threatened as drought reduces water availability, leading to lower yields and quality of crops. Economic consequences include increased food prices, farmer losses, and potential migration. The study aims to identify at-risk agricultural products and propose measures to combat drought and ensure food security.