Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of dental caries among children living in urban slum areas of Jodhpur. Given the potential to significantly improve the health of this population, understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective public health strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 392 children from various urban slums in Jodhpur. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires focusing on demographic factors, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, access to dental care, and the prevalence of dental caries. Results: The prevalence of dental caries among the children surveyed was 55.1%, with the highest incidence observed in children aged 8 years (15.31%). The gender distribution showed that 54.34% of the respondents were female and 45.66% were male. Monthly household income was a significant factor, with the majority of families earning between INR 5000-10000 (39.29%) and less than INR 5000 (30.36%). The majority of children (60.46%) had never visited a dental clinic or hospital, primarily due to the high cost of treatment (38.78%). Among those who sought care, 89.54% visited government hospitals, while 10.46% relied on unorganized dental practitioners. Dietary habits also played a crucial role, with 38.52% of children consuming sugary snacks occasionally (3-4 times a week), and 38.52% consuming sugary drinks with the same frequency. Alarmingly, 70.15% of the children never brushed their teeth, highlighting a critical area for intervention. Conclusion: The findings indicate a high prevalence of dental caries among children in urban slums of Jodhpur, exacerbated by poor oral hygiene practices, high sugar consumption, and limited access to dental care. The socioeconomic status of the families further contributes to the barriers in obtaining adequate dental health services. These results underscore the need for targeted public health initiatives focusing on improving oral hygiene education, enhancing access to affordable dental care, and addressing dietary habits within these vulnerable communities.