The development of art is closely linked to technological advancements. As a traditional Chinese art form, calligraphy is transformed into data in the era of big data, offering new possibilities and practical pathways for integration with technology. Under the influence of big data, the calligraphy database, educational platforms for calligraphy, the creation and authentication of calligraphy works, and calligraphy research have all been significantly impacted. Big data technologies enable the classification, storage, and retrieval of historical calligraphy works, delving into stylistic features and historical evolution. These advancements provide a rich foundation for the digital preservation of calligraphy, artistic creation and research, the establishment and development of educational platforms, and market analysis of calligraphy. However, the integration of big data and calligraphy also presents challenges, such as the redefinition of calligraphy and its stakeholders, the inability of AI-generated calligraphy to express human individuality, and risks associated with data pollution.