There are several stages of Alzheimer's disease, ranging from early memory loss to functional reliance and death. We go over the assessment and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment using a case study, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease at every stage, including the treatment of the disease's cognitive and behavioral/psychiatric components as well as end-stage and end-of-life care.One Seventy percent of dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the sixth most common cause of death. By 2050, there will likely be 106.8 million instances of AD worldwide, up from 26.6 million in 2006. In 2010, the estimated global expenses of dementia were US$604 billion, or 1% of global GDP from windows in the economy. The overview of AD pathophysiology and treatment is the main emphasis of this paper. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar as sources. AD is typically thought of as a disorder that involves a more severe loss of neurons and synapses that occurs in different anatomical locations and produces a variety of symptoms. Numerous mechanisms, including cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid/tau toxicity, and oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, are attributed to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.Herbal medications, secondary metabolites, and, to a lesser degree, non-pharmacological therapies are emerging and promising options for the treatment of AD in addition to the numerous therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and pharmacotherapies currently available. The precise mechanism of herbal medications, secondary metabolites, and non-pharmacological therapy for the treatent of AD needs to be further investigated.