Asthma is a condition marked by chronic inflammation of the airways, increased sensitivity to various triggers, and airway obstruction. It is at least partially reversible, either spontaneously or with appropriate treatment. Asthma affects approximately 3-5% of the U.S. population and is more prevalent in children than in adults. Airway obstruction can result from smooth muscle spasms in the walls of the smaller bronchi and bronchioles, swelling (edema) of the airway lining, excessive mucus production, and/or damage to the airway's epithelial layer. Currently, numerous medications are available for asthma treatment. A key strategy for managing this disease includes preventing exposure to triggering antigens, reducing airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, and using medications to dilate narrowed airways. This review explores the pathophysiological approaches to asthma management. Asthma is also the most common respiratory disorder in Canada. Despite advancements in its Diagnosis and management, many Canadians with asthma remain poorly controlled. However, for most patients, effective control can be achieved through avoidance measures and appropriate pharmacological treatments. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the standard treatment for most patients. For adults who do not achieve adequate control with ICS alone, combination inhalers containing ICS and long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) are preferred. Allergen-specific immunotherapy offers a potentially disease-modifying option for certain asthma patients but should only be administered by physicians trained in allergy management. Regular monitoring of asthma control, adherence to prescribed therapies, and proper inhaler techniques are essential aspects of effective asthma management. This article reviews current literature and guidelines for the accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment of asthma.