More than seven million people worldwide suffer with Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurological illness that causes a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms due to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Although the exact cause of Parkinson's disease is still mostly unknown, environmental and genetic factors are thought to be involved. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in controlling motivation, memory, locomotion, and other physiological functions. The death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease patients results in a drop in dopamine levels, impairing motor function and maybe contributing to certain patients' cognitive impairments. The goal of the review is to examine the many facets of Parkinson's disease (PD), including its history, prevalence trends, pathogenesis, difficulties in diagnosing it, and various treatment approaches. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that manifests as both motor and non-motor symptoms. Numerous variables, such as aging, heredity, and exposure to specific environmental chemicals, can contribute to Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are important factors in the development of Parkinson's disease.